base/mpi.cc: remove superfluous explicit instantiations of template variable

base/mpi.cc: remove superfluous explicit instantiations of template variable

The `mpi.h` header already contains:
```
template <typename T>
const MPI_Datatype mpi_type_id_for_type = /* implementation detail */;
```
Meaning, the variable is known fully after including the header.
Furthermore, the `const` qualifier marks the (template) variable as
`static`. I.e., it has internal linkage.

Thus, we must not explicitly instantiate the variables (suggesting
"extern" linkage in all but the `mpi.cc` compilation unit). This
apparently not an issue with OpenMPI because `MPI_Datatype` is a
complex data structure. But it is an issue with mpich where
`MPI_Datatype` is a simple `int` - leading to a segmentation fault when
during program startup.