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ALT="$ \Delta\vec u$"> can be decomposed into three parts, a linear translation (the constant part
of the displacement field in the neighborhood of a point), a dilational
-component (that part of the gradient if the displacement field that has a
+component (that part of the gradient of the displacement field that has a
nonzero divergence), and a rotation. A linear translation of the material does
not affect the stresses that are frozen into it - the stress values are
simply translated along. The dilational or compressional change produces a
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- ALT="$ \Delta\vec u=(y, -x)^T$">, which which <!-- MATH
+ ALT="$ \Delta\vec u=(y, -x)^T$">, with which <!-- MATH
$\varepsilon(\Delta \vec u)=0$
-->
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\approx
\sum_{K\subset {\mathbb{T}}}
\sum_q
- w_q \ \sigma^{n-1}(\vec x_q) : \varepsilon(\varphi(\vec x_q)),
+ w_q \ \sigma^{n-1}(\vec x_q) : \varepsilon(\varphi(\vec x_q),
\end{gather}
where $w_q$ are the quadrature weights and $\vec x_q$ the quadrature points on
cell $K$. This should make clear that what we really need is not the stress
can be understood as follows: locally, the incremental deformation $\Delta\vec
u$ can be decomposed into three parts, a linear translation (the constant part
of the displacement field in the neighborhood of a point), a dilational
-component (that part of the gradient if the displacement field that has a
+component (that part of the gradient of the displacement field that has a
nonzero divergence), and a rotation. A linear translation of the material does
not affect the stresses that are frozen into it -- the stress values are
simply translated along. The dilational or compressional change produces a
corresponding stress update. However, the rotational component does not
necessarily induce a nonzero stress update (think, in 2d, for example of the
-situation where $\Delta\vec u=(y, -x)^T$, which which $\varepsilon(\Delta \vec
+situation where $\Delta\vec u=(y, -x)^T$, with which $\varepsilon(\Delta \vec
u)=0$). Nevertheless, if the the material was pre-stressed in a certain
direction, then this direction will be rotated along with the material. To
this end, we have to define a rotation matrix $R(\Delta \vec u^n)$ that
\eqref{eq:linear-system}. This leads to a system matrix $A_{ij} = \sum_K
A^K_{ij}$ built up of local contributions on each cell $K$ with entries
\begin{gather}
- A^K_{ij} = (C \varepsilon(\varphi_i), \varepsilon(\varphi_j))_K;
+ A^K_{ij} = (C \varepsilon(\varphi_j), \varepsilon(\varphi_i))_K;
\end{gather}
In practice, $A^K$ is computed using numerical quadrature according to the
formula
$\varepsilon(\varphi_i),\varepsilon(\varphi_j)$. This is not really
convenient, in particular if we want to consider more complicated elasticity
models than the isotropic case for which $C$ had the convenient form
- $c_{ijkl} = \lambda \delta_{ij} \delta_{kl} + \mu (\delta_{ik} \delta_{jl}
+ $C_{ijkl} = \lambda \delta_{ij} \delta_{kl} + \mu (\delta_{ik} \delta_{jl}
+ \delta_{il} \delta_{jk})$. While we in fact do not use a more complicated
form than this in the present program, we nevertheless want to write it in a
way that would easily allow for this. It is then natural to introduce