Refinement cycle: 9
Number of degrees of freedom=31438
Point x-derivative=-0.211258
+</pre>
+</code>
</p>
<p>
</img></a>
</td>
</table>
+This time, the grids in refinement cycles 0, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 look
+like this:
+<table align="center">
+ <tr>
+ <td width="50%">
+ <a href="step-14.data/point_derivative/grid-0.gif" target="_top">
+ <img alt="Grid 0"
+ src="step-14.data/point_derivative/grid-0.gif">
+ </img></a>
+ </td>
-TODO
+ <td width="50%">
+ <a href="step-14.data/point_derivative/grid-5.gif" target="_top">
+ <img alt="Grid 5"
+ src="step-14.data/point_derivative/grid-5.gif">
+ </img></a>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+
+ <tr>
+ <td width="50%">
+ <a href="step-14.data/point_derivative/grid-6.gif" target="_top">
+ <img alt="Grid 6"
+ src="step-14.data/point_derivative/grid-6.gif">
+ </img></a>
+ </td>
+
+ <td width="50%">
+ <a href="step-14.data/point_derivative/grid-7.gif" target="_top">
+ <img alt="Grid 7"
+ src="step-14.data/point_derivative/grid-7.gif">
+ </img></a>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+
+ <tr>
+ <td width="50%">
+ <a href="step-14.data/point_derivative/grid-8.gif" target="_top">
+ <img alt="Grid 8"
+ src="step-14.data/point_derivative/grid-8.gif">
+ </img></a>
+ </td>
+
+ <td width="50%">
+ <a href="step-14.data/point_derivative/grid-9.gif" target="_top">
+ <img alt="Grid 9"
+ src="step-14.data/point_derivative/grid-9.gif">
+ </img></a>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+Note the assymetry of the grids compared with those we obtained for
+the point evaluation, which is due to the directionality of the
+x-derivative for which we tailored the refinement criterion.
</p>
<p>
Then, it is interesting to compare actually computed values of the
quantity of interest (i.e. the x-derivative of the solution at one
-point) with those values which we get from computing
-on finer meshes.
-TODO
+point) with a reference value of -0.211289... plus or minus
+0.000002. We get this reference value by computing on finer grid after
+some more mesh refinements, with approximately 130,000 cells.
+Recall that if the error is <em>O(1/N)</em> in the optimal case, then
+taking a mesh with ten times more cells gives us one additional digit
+in the result.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+In the left part of the following chart, you again see the convergence
+of the error towards this extrapolated value, while on the right you
+see a comparison of true and estimated error:
+<table align="center">
+ <tr>
+ <td width="50%">
+ <a href="step-14.data/point_value/error.gif" target="_top">
+ <img alt="Error in point value" width="318"
+ src="step-14.data/point_value/error.gif">
+ </img></a>
+ </td>
+
+ <td width="50%">
+ <a href="step-14.data/point_value/error-estimation.gif" target="_top">
+ <img alt="Error in point value" width="318"
+ src="step-14.data/point_value/error-estimation.gif">
+ </img></a>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+It is obvious that here the error estimates are not as good as
+previously, under-estimation the error by about a factor of 10. At
+least the sign is correct, leading to a slight improvement in the
+estimated values if we sum computed value and estimated error.
</p>
+TODO: explanation!
<h2>Step-13 revisited</h2>
computations of the previous example program, to compare whether the
results obtained with the help of the dual weighted error estimator
are better than those we had previously.
-TODO
</p>
+<p>
+First, the meshes after 9 and 10 adaptive refinement cycles,
+respectively, look like this:
+<table align="center">
+ <tr>
+ <td width="50%">
+ <a href="step-14.data/step-13/grid-9.gif"
+ target="_top"><img alt="Grid 9"
+ src="step-14.data/step-13/grid-9.gif">
+ </img></a>
+ </td>
+
+ <td width="50%">
+ <a href="step-14.data/step-13/grid-10.gif"
+ target="_top"><img alt="Grid 10"
+ src="step-14.data/step-13/grid-10.gif">
+ </img></a>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+The features of the solution can still be seen slightly, but since the
+solution is smooth, the roughness of the dual solution entirely
+dominates the mesh refinement criterion, and leads to strongly
+concentrated meshes. The solution after the seventh refinement step is
+like so:
+<table align="center">
+ <tr>
+ <td width="50%" align="center">
+ <a href="step-14.data/step-13/solution-7.gif"
+ target="_top"><img alt="Solution 7"
+ src="step-14.data/step-13/solution-7.gif">
+ </img></a>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+Obviously, the solution is worse at some places, but the mesh
+refinement process should have taken care that these places are not
+important for computing the point value.
+</p>
+TODO
+
<h2>Outlook</h2>