<h4>Eliminating constrained degrees of freedom</h4>
-A second problem particular to $hp$ methods arises because we have so many
-constrained degrees of freedom: typically up to about one third of all degrees
-of freedom (in 3d) are constrained because they either belong to cells with
-hanging nodes or because they are on cells adjacent to cells with a higher or
-lower polynomial degree. This is much more than the fraction of constrained
-degrees of freedom in non-$hp$ mode.
+A second problem particular to $hp$ methods arises because we have so
+many constrained degrees of freedom: typically up to about one third
+of all degrees of freedom (in 3d) are constrained because they either
+belong to cells with hanging nodes or because they are on cells
+adjacent to cells with a higher or lower polynomial degree. This is,
+in fact, not much more than the fraction of constrained degrees of
+freedom in non-$hp$ mode, but the difference is that each constrained
+hanging node is constrained not only against the two adjacent degrees
+of freedom, but is constrained against many more degrees of freedom.
In previous programs, for example in step-6, we have dealt with eliminating
these constrained degrees of freedom by first building an object of type
<a name="Results"></a>
<h1>Results</h1>
+In this section, we discuss a few results produced from running the
+current tutorial program. More results, in particular the extension to
+3d calculations and determining how much compute time the individual
+components of the program take, are given in the @ref hp_paper .
+
+When run, this is what the program produces:
+
<code>
<pre>
examples/step-27> make run
Number of constraints : 6196
</pre>
</code>
+
+The first thing we learn from this is that the number of constrained
+degrees of freedom is on the order of 20-25% of the total number of
+degrees of freedom, at least on the later grids when we have elements
+of relatively high order. This is, in fact, on the same order of
+magnitude as for non-$hp$ discretizations. For example, in the last
+step of the @ref step_6 "step-6" program, we have 18401 degrees of
+freedom, 4104 of which are constrained. The difference is that in the
+latter program, each constrained hanging node is constrained against
+only the two adjacent degrees of freedom, whereas in the $hp$ case,
+constrained nodes are constrained against many more degrees of
+freedom.