want to bound the error with respect to this functional, $J(u)-J(u_h)$.
For simplicity of exposition, we henceforth assume that both the quantity of
-interest $J$, as well as the equation are linear, and we will in particular
+interest $J$ as well as the equation are linear, and we will in particular
show the derivation for the Laplace equation with homogeneous Dirichlet
boundary conditions, although the concept is much more general. For this
general case, we refer to the references listed above. The goal is to obtain
\sum_K (-\Delta (u-u_h), z-\varphi_h)_K
+ (\partial_n (u-u_h), z-z_h)_{\partial K}.
@f}
-Next we use that $-\Delta u=f$, and that for solutions of the Laplace
-equation, the solution is smooth enough that $\partial_n u$ is
+Next we use that $-\Delta u=f$, and that
+the solution of the Laplace equation is smooth enough that $\partial_n u$ is
continuous almost everywhere -- so the terms involving $\partial_n u$ on one
cell cancels with that on its neighbor, where the normal vector has the
opposite sign. (The same is not true for $\partial_n u_h$, though.)
- \frac 12 (\partial_n u_h|_K + \partial_{n'} u_h|_{K'},
z-\varphi_h)_{\partial K\backslash \partial\Omega}.
@f}
-Using that for the normal vectors on adjacent cells we have $n'=-n$, we define the jump of the
-normal derivative by
+Using that for the normal vectors on adjacent cells we have $n'=-n$, we define
+the jump of the normal derivative by
@f[
[\partial_n u_h] \dealcoloneq \partial_n u_h|_K + \partial_{n'} u_h|_{K'}
=
$J(\cdot)$. Its structure is a weighted form of a residual estimator, as both
$f+\Delta u_h$ and $[\partial_n u_h]$ are cell and edge residuals that vanish
on the exact solution, and $z-I_h z$ are weights indicating how important the
-residuals on a certain cell is for the evaluation of the given functional.
+residual on a certain cell is for the evaluation of the given functional.
Furthermore, it is a cell-wise quantity, so we can use it as a mesh refinement
-criterion. The question, is: how to evaluate it? After all, the evaluation
+criterion. The question is: how to evaluate it? After all, the evaluation
requires knowledge of the dual solution $z$, which carries the information
about the quantity we want to know to best accuracy.
simplicity to add extensions. If you use this program as a basis for your own
programs, we would kindly like to ask you to state this fact and the name of
the author of the example program, Wolfgang Bangerth, in publications that
-arise from that, of your program consists in a considerable part of the
+arise from that, if your program consists in a considerable part of the
example program.